Which combination lists correct risk factors for urinary incontinence in midlife women?

Which combination lists correct risk factors for urinary incontinence in midlife women?

• A. Age, obesity, parity.
• B. Young age, underweight, nulliparity.
• C. Regular exercise, hydration.
• D. Dietary fats only.

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is which factors are known to raise the risk of urinary incontinence in midlife women. The best answer combines age, obesity, and parity because each is a well-established contributor to pelvic floor weakness or bladder function changes. As women age, pelvic tissues and supportive muscles can weaken, making leakage more likely. Obesity increases intra-abdominal pressure, stressing the bladder and pelvic floor and raising the odds of leakage, especially with stress incontinence. Parity reflects childbirth history; multiple deliveries can stretch and weaken the pelvic floor and supportive tissues, increasing incontinence risk. Options that list a young age, being underweight, and no births don’t align with these risk patterns, since younger age and lower body mass aren’t linked to higher risk in midlife, and not having borne children doesn’t add to the risk. Regular exercise and good hydration tend to support pelvic health and are not risk factors. Dietary fats alone don’t constitute a recognized risk factor for urinary incontinence.

The idea being tested is which factors are known to raise the risk of urinary incontinence in midlife women. The best answer combines age, obesity, and parity because each is a well-established contributor to pelvic floor weakness or bladder function changes. As women age, pelvic tissues and supportive muscles can weaken, making leakage more likely. Obesity increases intra-abdominal pressure, stressing the bladder and pelvic floor and raising the odds of leakage, especially with stress incontinence. Parity reflects childbirth history; multiple deliveries can stretch and weaken the pelvic floor and supportive tissues, increasing incontinence risk.

Options that list a young age, being underweight, and no births don’t align with these risk patterns, since younger age and lower body mass aren’t linked to higher risk in midlife, and not having borne children doesn’t add to the risk. Regular exercise and good hydration tend to support pelvic health and are not risk factors. Dietary fats alone don’t constitute a recognized risk factor for urinary incontinence.